Tag name：play-by-mail

Liftoff!

First published 2nd April 2017 (Last Modified 4th January 2022)

Liftoff! box cover

Liftoff! is a 1989 board game by Fritz Bronner and originally published by Task Force Games. I'm going to run a play-by-email version of the game, so here is a summary of the rules, a copy of the Research and Development Worksheet, details of the various mission types and the newspapers that record the outcome of the turns.

The aim of the game is to land a person on the moon and return them safely to earth.

The basic sequence of play for this version is:

  1. Read the newspaper for the outcome of the previous turn and to review your space agency current status
  2. Submit order for your space agency
  3. Resolution of research and development (performed by the referee)
  4. Carry out missions (performed by the referee)
  5. Modify Budgets to reflect the outcome of the missions (performed by the referee)
  6. Add the current budget to cash in hand (performed by the referee)
  7. Draw Event Card (performed by the referee)
  8. Write Newspaper (performed by the referee and records the results of the turn


Your order for your space agency needs to include:

  1. New research programs started and new hardware purchased
  2. Exchange of money and/or hardware with other players
  3. Number of R&D dice purchased (and on which programs)
  4. Declaration of the planned missions for the following turns
  5. Declaration of the scrubbing of planned missions for this turn (if any)
  6. The rushing of this launches (if any)
  7. What, if any, provisions have been made for rescue missions (of either your own agency's mishaps or, if desired, those of other agencies.
Last updated: January 4, 2022 at 14:19 pm

Twenty baronies

First published 2nd January 2022 (Last Modified 3rd January 2022)

Between 1984 and 1987 I ran a play-by-mail campaign that initially has twenty baronies (the number did change during the campaign). I managed, according to my notes, 13 turns in all. Looking back now I'm actually somewhat impressed I managed 13 turns as it was over ambitious. I do still have all the material for the game and this was my first large scale game and the first which I regard as at least semi-successful (even if it, in hindsight, did have some problems). As with many of these games, time is a problem for both the players and the gamemaster. It takes time to do a good job of thinking up and then writing up orders for the barony and similarly for the game master is a similar problem of reliably making the time to process the orders, write up the individual reports and then writing up the general report. The baronies in the campaign are listed in the following table:

BaronyPlayer
People's Republic of Archepelogian Territorries (P.R.A.T.)David Caton
DipsomaniaMark Gardiner
JerusalemJames Chan
Gol GothaPaul Gausden
Central Republic of Armenia and Southern States (C.R.A.S.S.)Simon Perkins
KemendorMichael Borrott
The Bright EmpireLewis Jardine
ChambordTerry Farrell
KammalottDerek Long
The Arcadian IslandsChris Bailey
NeveleMatt Williams
SkanderTim Macaire
MiklandKim Whitworth
AlbarnonTina Monk
Republic of WestcuttBrian Hooper
South East And West Expanding Empire (Dangerous) (S.E.A.W.E.E.D.)Keith Bristow
The Hidden BaronyPeter Stuchlik
BreeSteve Morton
Vog-NoviaChris Carrigan
AngkorNigel Jones
NumenorMerger between Skander, Albarnon and Vog-Novia

Theere were several non-aggression and mutial aid treaties written by the players. Tina did a wonderful job of calligraphy on the ones shown below (click on the image to see the full scanned image of the treaty):

Liftoff! Statistics

First published 11th July 2017 (Last Modified 21st December 2021)

Agency Statistics for 1972

Budget column does NOT include any budget collected that would be collected in 1973.

NamePlanned LaunchesSuccessful missionsScrubbed MissionsAstronauts in roster/hiredTotal BudgetCost of Launch Facility Repairs
ASA18469/17$1,900,000,000-
GOSsiP198312/13$1,181,000,000$40,000,000
SARSA19 (1 Launch carried 3 Satellites, 1 Launch carried 2 Satellites)747/13$1,633,000,000$15,000,000
SHADO16310/3$1,243,000,000$40,000,000
Smaug Inc.235106/18$1,369,000,000-
Totals95 (1 Launch carried 3 Satellites, 1 Launch carried 2 Satellites, 1 Launch carried 2 capsules)272434/64$7,326,000,000$95,000,000

Mission Completions (as of 1972)

Mission TypeFirst Agency to completeSecond Agency to completeThird Agency to complete
Orbital SatelliteSARSA in 1957Smaug Inc. in 1960ASA in 1964
Manned Space MissionASA in 1960Smaug Inc in 1962SARSA in 1866
Manned OrbitalASA in 1960Smaug Inc in 1962SARSA in 1966
Manned Docking
Space WalkSARSA in 1966GOSsiP in 1969
International Docking
Two-Person Craft(No Bonus)(No Bonus)(No Bonus)
Three-Person CraftASA in 1960Smaug Inc in 1962SARSA in 1966
Four-Person Craft
Re-usable Shuttle
International Crew
Lunar Fly-bySARSA in 1962Smaug Inc in 1964SHADO in 1965
Mars Fly-bySARSA in 1965SHADO in 1966
Venus Fly-bySARSA in 1963SHADO in 1965
Manned Lunar PassASA in 1965GOSsiP in 1970(*) See Note
Manned Lunar OrbitGOSsiP in 1971
Lunar Probe LandingSARSA in 1964Smaug Inc in 1966GOSsiP in 1971

No bonus award for first or second completion of a manned mission using a two person craft as both ASA and Smaug Inc. completed manned missions using a three person craft before any one else launched a two person craft.

(*) While the third nation bonus for a Manned Lunar Pass is still available, SARSA has completed a lunar pass with monkeys as the crew. This does count as a manned lunar pass for the purposes of avoiding the -3% safety factor for skipping required missions.

Mission History (as of 31st December 1972)

DateAgencyMissionResult/StatusBudget EffectNotes
12 Dec 1957SARSAOrbital SatelliteSuccess+16
13 Dec 1957SHADOOrbital SatelliteCatastrophic Failure-10Repair Cost of 15m
15 Dec 1958GOSsiPOrbital SatelliteCatastrophic Failure-10Repair Cost of 25m
10 Dec 1959SHADOOrbital SatelliteCatastrophic Failure-10Repair Cost of 25m
20 Dec 1959SARSAOrbital SatelliteFailure-62-3 for the failure, budget then halved as the government ordered mission failed.
10 Oct 1960GOSsiPLunar Fly-by and Mars Fly-byFailure-6
15 Dec 1960ASAManned Orbital by Steve Zodiac, Ken Ross & Dr. VenusSuccess+60
20 Dec 1960Smaug Inc.Orbital SatelliteSuccess+10
1 Dec 1961GOSsiPOrbital SatelliteFailure-3
15 Dec 1961Smaug Inc.Orbital SatelliteSuccess+2
31 Dec 1961Smaug Inc.Manned Orbital by Anna Rivetti, Ben Mezera and Caroline FreburgFailure-10
10 Dec 1962SARSALunar Fly-bySuccess+6
10 Dec 1962SARSAMars Fly-byFailure-3
10 Dec 1962SARSAVenus Fly-bySuccess+8
15 Dec 1962SHADOOrbital SatelliteFailure-3
20 Dec 1962Smaug Inc.Manned Orbital by Anna Rivetti, Ben Mezera and Caroline FreburgSuccess+32
23 Dec 1962Smaug Inc.Scrubbed-3
6 Dec 1963GOSsiPLunar Fly-byFailure-3
18 Dec 1963SHADOLunar Fly-byFailure-3
27 Dec 1963Smaug Inc.Manned Orbital by Lawrence Fields, Eric Zevery, Frederick HagiwaraCatastrophic Failure-10Heat shield failed during re-entry
29 Dec 1963Smaug Inc.Scrubbed-3
6 Dec 1964GOSsiPScrubbed-3
10 Dec 1964SHADOVenus Fly-bySuccess+6
15 Dec 1964SARSALunar Probe LandingSuccess+20
15 Dec 1864SARSAMars Fly-bySuccess+8
20 Dec 1964Smaug Inc.Lunar Fly-bySuccess+4
22 Dec 1964Smaug Inc.Scrubbed-3
29 Dec 1964ASAOrbital SatelliteSuccess+6
10 August 1965SHADOLunar and Mars Fly-bySuccess flying by the moon, Failed to reach Mars+3, -3
12 August 1965SHADOMars and Venus Fly-bySuccess flying by Mars, Success flying by Venus+6, +2
5 Dec 1965GOSsiPLunar Probe LandingFailure-3
18 Dec 1965ASALunar Fly-bySuccess+2
27 Dec 1965SARSAMonkey Manned Lunar PassSuccess+5
31 Dec 1965ASAManned Lunar Pass by Colonel Steve Zodiac, Captain Ken Ross, Jock CampbellSuccess+19
15 Nov 1966SHADOLunar and Venus Fly-bySuccess flying by the moon, Failed to fly-by Venus+2, -3
5 Dec 1966GOSsiPScrubbed-3
10 Dec 1966Smaug Inc.Success+12
11 Dec 1966Smaug Inc.Scrubbed-3
12 Dec 1966Smaug Inc.Scrubbed-3
17 Dec 1966SHADOLunar Probe LandingFailure-6
23 Dec 1966SARSAManned Orbital and EVA by William Baxter,Thomas Mills and Wei Engel
Success+28
28 Dec 1966ASALunar Probe LandingFailure-6
5 Dec 1967GOSsiPUnmanned Sub OrbitalSuccess0
10 Dec 1967Smaug IncLunar Probe Lander (+Docking Module into Earth Orbit)Success+4
11 Dec 1967Smaug IncManned Orbital and EVACatastrophic Failure-10Failed to make Earth Orbit; Heat Shield failed on re-entry due to tumbling craft
12 Dec 1967Smaug IncScrubbed-3
15 Dec 1967SARSAManned Lunar PassCatastrophic Failure-10Failed Earth Orbital Mission Burn on return from the moon; Heat Shield failed during re-entry
17 Dec 1967SARSAScrubbed-3
21 Dec 1967ASAManned Lunar PassCatastrophic Failure-10Capsule sank during recovery.
7 Nov 1968SHADOLunar Probe LandingFailed-3
5 Dec 1968SHADOMars and Venus Fly-bySuccess+2 for Mars, +2 for Venus
11 Dec 1968GOSsiPManned OrbitalFailed-3Failed to achieve earth orbit; Reentered and Recovered safely
15 Dec 1968Smaug IncScrubbed-3
17 Dec 1968Smaug IncScrubbed-3
20 Dec 1968SARSAScrubbed-3
23 Dec 1968SARSAScrubbed-3
27 Dec 1968ASALunar Probe LandingFailed-3Exploded during ascent
29 Dec 1968ASAScrubbed-3
31 Dec 1968ASAScrubbed-3
5 Dec 1969SARSALunar Probe LandingFailed-6
10 Dec 1969SHADOManned OrbitalSuccess+2
14 Dec 1969GOSsiPManned Orbital and EVASuccess+11
21 Dec 1969ASAManned Lunar PassCatastrophic Failure-10Major fire during earth mission burn
23 Dec 1969ASAManned Lunar OrbitFailed-10Permanent communications failure in lunar orbit. Crew returned safely.
27 Dec 1969ASALunar Probe LanderFailed-6Couldn't find a safe landing spot
5 Dec 1970SHADOLunar Probe LanderFailed-6Crashed on Lunar Surface
11 Dec 1970Smaug IncDocking Module plus 2xManned Orbital and DockingFailed-10 and 0Craft 1 burnt up on Re-entry. Craft 2 failed to power on Docking Module
14 Dec 1970Smaug IncScrubbed-3
17 Dec 1970Smaug IncScrubbed-3
26 Dec 1970GOSsiPManned Orbital and EVAEVA Scrubbed0Suit venting detected before leaving craft
29 Dec 1970GOSsiPManned OrbitalScrubbed while in earth orbit-1Systems problem escalated and rest of mission scrubbed
31 Dec 1970GOSsiPManned Lunar PassSuccess+7
5 Dec 1971SHADOManned Lunar OrbitCatastrophic Failure-10Explosion during ascent
12 Dec 1971SARSAManned Lunar OrbitFailed-3
Earth Mission Burn failure mission scrubbed at that point
14 Dec 1971SARSAManned Orbital and DockingCatastrophic Failure-10Explosion during ascent
16 Dec 1971SARSAScrubbed-3
20 Dec 1971ASALunar Probe LanderFailed-6Just failed to locate a landing site
22 Dec 1971ASAScrubbed-3
24 Dec 1971ASAManned Lunar OrbitFailed-10Engine Burn Failure in Earth Orbit. Returned to Earth Safely
29 Dec 1971GOSsiPManned Lunar OrbitSuccess+30
31 Dec 1971GOSsiPLunar Probe LandingSuccess+8
5 Dec 1972SHADOScrubbed-3
10 Dec 1972SARSAScrubbed-3
12 Dec 1972SARSAScrubbed-3
16 Dec 1972ASAScrubbed-3
18 Dec 1972ASAScrubbed-3
20 Dec 1972ASAScrubbed-3
26 Dec 1972GOSsiPLunar Probe LandingSuccess+4
28 Dec 1972GOSsiPManned Lunar Orbit and DockingFailed Docking+2
30 Dec 1972GOSsiPManned Lunar LandingSuccessGAME WIN
31 Dec 1972GOSsiPScrubbed
5 Dec 1973SHADOPlanned
10 Dec 1973Smaug IncPlanned
12 Dec 1973Smaug IncPlanned
14 Dec 1973Smaug IncPlanned

Note that if an interplanetary mission was aimed at two targets, it is only counted as successful if it performs orbital activities at both targets.

Last updated: December 21, 2021 at 19:38 pm
27 July 2017
Added Mission History

1969 SARSA Summary

First published 31st October 2017 (Last Modified 21st December 2021)
Program Units Safety Factor
1. Orbital Satellite 0 96%
2. Interplanetary Satellite 0 92%1
3. Lunar Probe 0 86%2
A. One Stage Rocket 0 85%
C. Three Stage Rocket 1 98%
EVA Suits n/a 98%
d. Two Person Lunar Module 2 87%
f. Three Person Capsule 1 68%3
Photo-Reconnaissance n/a 80%

Astronauts

Name Completed Flights
Wei Engel 1
Fiona Ngubane 0
Ryan Cilliers 0
Herman Hanekom 0
Yolandi Schutte 0
Victor Nzimande 0
Gugulethu Turner 0

One time only, may plan a manned mission to take animal passengers instead of human, thus avoiding most of the risk of a catastrophic accident. Success counts as a subsequent mission for budget purposes.

2 Launch Facilities at undisclosed locations

0 Launches planned for 1970

Last updated: December 21, 2021 at 19:38 pm

Footnotes

  1. May be researched to 95%, absolute maximum of 98% ↩
  2. May be researched to 90%, absolute maximum of 93% ↩
  3. May be researched to 92% ↩

1969 SHADO Summary

First published 31st October 2017 (Last Modified 21st December 2021)
Program Units Safety Factor
1. Orbital Satellite 1 71%
2. Interplanetary Satellite 0 91%
3. Lunar Probe 1 85%
4. Docking Module 1 45%
A. One Stage Rocket 1 54%
B. Two Stage Rocket 0 95%
C. Three Stage Rocket 1 69%
F. Kicker 1 74%
EVA Suits n/a 45%
b. Two Person Capsule 0 86%
f. Three Person Minishuttle 1 20%

Astronauts

Name Completed Flights
Walter Clark 1
Judith Harris 1

One time only, may plan a manned mission to take animal passengers instead of human, thus avoiding most of the risk of a catastrophic accident. Success counts as a subsequent mission for budget purposes.

Astronauts may be recruited for only $1,000,000 each for the rest of the game

2 Launch Facilities at Honolulu and Lenur Island.

1 Launch planned for 1970

Last updated: December 21, 2021 at 19:38 pm

1969 Smaug Summary

First published 31st October 2017 (Last Modified 21st December 2021)
Program Units Safety Factor
1. Orbital Satellite 1 97%
2. Interplanetary Satellite 0 89%
3. Lunar Probe 1 86%
4. Docking Module 0 45%
B. Two Stage Rocket 3 97%
F. Kicker 1 95%
EVA Suits n/a 98%
b. Two person capsule 1 61%
c. Three person capsule 2 77%1
d. Two person Lander 1 51%
Photo-reconnaissance n/a 95%

Astronauts

Name Completed Flights
Hannah Kelley 0
Ian Carpenter 0
Johnny King 0
Nehemiah Juarez 0
Patricia McNeely 0

3 Launch Facilities at an undisclosed locations.

3 Launches planned for 1970

Last updated: December 21, 2021 at 19:38 pm
31 October 2017
Missed research on the Two Person Lunar Lander, corrected the rating for the two person capsule.

Footnotes

  1. May be researched up to 91% ↩

1970

First published 14th November 2017 (Last Modified 21st December 2021)

Near Perfect Lunar Pass from GOSsiP

Image of the Earth from near the Lunar Surface

GOSsiP's third mission was a near perfect manned lunar pass gaining a brilliant shot of the earth just as the craft passed by the moon on the furthest extent of its orbital manoeuvres. The success means that GOSsiP joins ASA with successful lunar passes1 (no one has, as yet, completed a full orbit of the moon, the last proving mission before an actual lunar landing). GOSsiP's two earlier missions in 1970 suffered problems. The first mission launched was an attempt at a manned orbital and spacewalk. However the spacewalk was cancelled after the space suit developed leaks while Maja Hansen, the astronaut, was de-pressurising the airlock ready for the actual space walk.

The remaining mission from GOSsiP, a manned orbital had the mission experiments cancelled after the crew of Torkild Bendixen, Thomas Ditlevsen and Malthe Jørgensen reported problems with the waste elimination facilities in their craft. The crew were unable to clear a blockage in the system and even helpful advice from ground control was unable to solve the problem. After several hurried consultations the rest of the mission was scrubbed (unlike the craft itself) and the mission plan quickly changed to Get the crew home as quickly (and safely) as possible. Despite the speed with the plans were drawn up the craft returned to ground safely2.

Tropical cyclone Eugenie damages SARSA launch facility.

SARSA's recently built launch facility has been seriously damaged as a result of the passage of Tropical cyclone Eugenie3 over the facility. The repairs will cost an estimated $15,000,000 and until made the facility cannot be used for any launches. SARSA's two other launch facilities are unaffected by the shutdown.

SHADO's Lunar Fireworks

SHADO has successfully lit up the lunar sky when its latest lunar probe exploded on the Lunar surface. The Probe had been performing brillantly up to that point - it had even found a safe place to land and had landed. However when the internal electrics signalled for the landing rocket to shut down it instead exploded according to the conclusion of a report into the loss of the lander based on observations from many observatories that had been studying the landing site with Earth based telescopes.

On a happier note, SHADO's mission from 1968 has now returned lots of useful data from Venus.

Big announcement due from Smaug Inc.

Persistent Rumours suggest that Smaug Inc. is on the verge of announcing a major agreement with one of the other space agencies. The suggestion is that a joint mission is to be launched in 1972 at the direction of Smaug Inc.'s board of directors but with a subsidy (and perhaps crew and equipment) from another agency4.

SHADO seen with EVA Suits that look Australian

Suspicions of another spy scandal in Woomera has been intensified with the suspiciously Australian looking spacesuits now being sported by SHADO's astronauts. Since ASA's suits are state of the art, SHADO's EVA suits are now rated at the same 98% safety factor.

Smaug Inc.'s scrubs more missions following loss

Smaug Inc. has scrubbed two of its three missions after the loss of one of the capsules launched on its first mission. The first mission launched a docking module together with a pair of two person capsules. The first capsule, crewed by Hannah Kelley and Ian Carpenter attempted a docking with docking module, but was unable to complete the manoeuvre after failing to get the craft aligned. This was, however, better than the second capsule, crewed by Johnny King and Nehemiah Juarez, which failed to even get a signal from the docking module - suggesting that the batteries on the docking module had failed. Both capsules then attempted a de-orbit burn ready to return to earth. However it appears that Kelley and Carpenter had used too much of their fuel reserves on the attempted docking and their craft was unable to achieve a safe re-entry profile and their craft burnt up in the upper atmosphere. The other two person capsule returned safely back to Earth, but with the safety factor of the two-person capsule re-rated to 20%, the other launches from Smaug Inc were scrubbed.

Flu epidemic hits Australia

This year's strain of Influenza appears to have mutated sufficiently to defeat the Australian vaccination program. Croc Hogan, Dingo Dan, Bob Hoskins and Larry Hoskins have all succumbed to the virus and will unable to take part in missions during 19715.

Top Danish test pilots join GOSsiP

Notwithstanding the massive astronaut recruitment program launched by all of the space agencies (apart from SHADO) this year, three top Danish test pilots, Niels Svendsen, Ferdinand Winther and Ulrik Rohde have joined GOSsiP on a free transfer from the Danish Air Force. It is expected that their experience will carry over into their astronaut making them better than their civilian counterparts when trouble strikes. A total of nineteen astronauts have been recruited across the agencies this year.

Launch Calendar

The provisional calendar for launches planned in 1971 (assuming none of the missions are rushed or scrubbed) is as follows:

5th Dec
SHADO
12th Dec
SARSA
14th Dec
SARSA
16th Dec
SARSA
20th Dec
ASA
22th Dec
ASA
24th Dec
ASA
29th Dec
GOSsiP
31st Dec
GOSsiP
Last updated: December 21, 2021 at 19:38 pm
15th November
Added footnote 1 on SARSA's monkey manned lunar pass.
27th November
Corrected typo

Footnotes

  1. Note that while SARSA has not performed a manned lunar pass with actual people onboard, it has completed one with monkeys on board. As such the third nation bonus for a manned lunar pass is still available, but SARSA does not need to perform a manned lunar pass to avoid the 3% penalty for not performing this mission. ↩
  2. The mission counts as a failure for budget purposes, but not a catastrophic one and the crew gain a mission flight to add to their résumé. ↩
  3. An actual storm name that affected South Africa - admittedly in 1972! ↩
  4. Smaug Inc.'s next mission planned must be a joint mission with another agency. Smaug Inc determines the other agency, the mission type and the equipment used (including crew, if any). The costs and rewards will be split equally between Smaug Inc and the chosen agency. Should the chosen mission be a successful lunar landing, this will count as a joint win. I will not permit sabotage of equipment on this mission and will adjust cash in hand appropriately if the equipment used has already been purchased. ↩
  5. Any missions on which they are due to fly will be automatically scrubbed. ↩

1970 ASA Summary

First published 14th November 2017 (Last Modified 21st December 2021)
Program Units Safety Factor
1. Orbital Satellite 0 96%
2. Interplanetary Satellite 0 91%
3. Lunar Probe 2 85%
B. Two Stage Rocket 2 94%
D. Mega Stage Rocket 3 98%
EVA Suits n/a 98%
c. Three Person Capsule 2 72%
h. Four Person Capsule/Module 4 90%
Photo Reconnaissance n/a 70%

Astronauts

Name Completed Flights
Professor Matthew "Matt" Matic 0
Croc Hogan 1
Dingo Dan 1
Bob Hoskins 1
Larry Hoskins 1
Mel Dawson 0
Tezza Baker 0
Kieran Creek 0
Smith Zomburg 0

One time only, a launch can be delayed to gain a 10% safety factor (for that launch) to the rocket used in the launch.

3 Launch Facilities at Woomera

First module failure will be ignored.

3 Launches planned for 1971

Last updated: December 21, 2021 at 19:38 pm

1970 GOSsiP Summary

First published 14th November 2017 (Last Modified 21st December 2021)
Program Units Safety Factor
2. Interplanetary Satellite 1 69%
3. Lunar Probe 0 83%
B. Two Stage Rocket 4 98%
D. Liquid Fuel Strap-Ons 4 92%
EVA Suits n/a 81%
c. Three Person Capsule 4 95%
g. Two Person Lunar Lander 1 84%

Astronauts

Name Completed Flights
Maja Hansen 2
Curtis Adamson 2
Kristian Swenhaugen 2
Torkild Bendixen 1
Thomas Ditlevsen 1
Malthe Jørgensen 1
Casper Ovesen 1
Jacob Abrahamsen 1
Malthe Bisgaard 1
Niels Svendsen 2
Ferdinand Winther 2
Ulrik Rohde 2

One time only, may plan a manned mission to take animal passengers instead of human, thus avoiding most of the risk of a catastrophic accident. Success counts as a subsequent mission for budget purposes.

3 Launch Facilities at Julianehåb.

2 Launches planned for 1971

Last updated: December 21, 2021 at 19:38 pm
28th November
Deleted footnote about Lunar Probe needing repairs - the $10,000,000 was paid.

1970 SARSA Summary

First published 14th November 2017 (Last Modified 21st December 2021)
Program Units Safety Factor
1. Orbital Satellite 0 96%
2. Interplanetary Satellite 0 92%1
3. Lunar Probe 0 86%2
A. One Stage Rocket 0 85%
C. Three Stage Rocket 1 98%
EVA Suits n/a 98%
d. Two Person Lunar Module 2 90%
f. Three Person Capsule 1 92%
Photo-Reconnaissance n/a 80%

Astronauts

Name Completed Flights
Wei Engel 1
Fiona Ngubane 0
Ryan Cilliers 0
Herman Hanekom 0
Yolandi Schutte 0
Victor Nzimande 0
Gugulethu Turner 0
Celeste Maseko 0
Jacques Swartz 0
Paul Mbatha 0

One time only, may plan a manned mission to take animal passengers instead of human, thus avoiding most of the risk of a catastrophic accident. Success counts as a subsequent mission for budget purposes.

3 Launch Facilities at undisclosed locations3.

3 Launches planned for 1971

Last updated: December 21, 2021 at 19:38 pm

Footnotes

  1. May be researched to 95%, absolute maximum of 98% ↩
  2. May be researched to 90%, absolute maximum of 93% ↩
  3. 1 damaged - cannot be used until repaired at a cost of $15,000,000 ↩